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If you have a sprain or strain that's taking longer than usual to get better, a GP may be able to refer you to a physiotherapist. The trapezius muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI). Its blood supply stems from branches of the occipital, superficial cervical, transverse cervical and dorsal scapular arteries. The muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C2-C6. Its blood supply stems from branches of the vertebral, inferior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries. If the mandible is fixed, the mylohyoid elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth, which aids the act of deglutition by pressing the tongue against the hard palate. The superior part arises from the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C5 and inserts into the anterior tubercle of vertebra C1.

All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus ( C1- C3) [4] [5] except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve. [1] Function [ edit ]Striated muscle; formed of short, uninucleate, branching myocytes which connected at intercalated discs

Muscle atrophy is also called “ muscle wasting”. The majority of muscle atrophy in the general population results from ‘disuse’. People with sedentary jobs and senior citizens with decreased activity can lose muscle tone and develop significant atrophy. This type of atrophy is reversible with vigorous exercise. Bed-ridden people can undergo significant muscle wasting. Astronauts, free of the gravitational pull of Earth, can develop decreased muscle tone and loss of calcium from their bones following just a few days of weightlessness. The mylohyoid is a sheet-like muscle that forms the majority of the floor of the mouth. The mylohyoid arises from the mylohyoid line on the inner surface of mandible, and inserts into the mylohyoid raphe and superior aspect of the body of hyoid bone.At its most basic level, muscle tissue is classified as either striated or non-striated/smooth based on the presence or absence of ‘striations’ (i.e. stripes/furrows) seen at a microscopic level; these are formed due to a particular arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the myocyte (discussed below). The infrahyoid muscles are four muscles located inferior to the hyoid bone, that connect it to the larynx, sternum and scapula. These include the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles. K.M. Baldwin and F. Haddad: The muscular system: Muscle plasticity. History of Exercise Physiology, (2014) p. 337 Cardiac pacemaker cells (a.k.a. ‘stimulating’ cardiomyocytes, cardiac conducting cells) are highly specialized/modified cardiomyocytes which are capable of generating and carrying contractile signals across the myocardium. These are arranged into nodes ( sinuatrial and atrioventricular), atrioventricular ‘bundles’ (of His) and subendocardiac conducting networks (commonly referred to as Purkinje fibers) to form the conducting system of the heart.

If you need an X-ray, it might be possible to have one at the unit, or you may be referred to hospital. Physiotherapy for sprains and strains The muscle is innervated by branches of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C1 and C2, and vascularized by the ascending pharyngeal, vertebral and occipital arteries. Speak to a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest tablets, or a cream or gel you rub on the skin.The sternohyoid is innervated by the anterior rami of the first three cervical spinal nerves via the ansa cervicalis, that arises from the cervical plexus. The muscle is vascularized by the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery. During contraction, sarcomere length shortens due to ‘walking’ of the myosin filaments along the actin towards each z disc, pulling them centrally; this action in turn reduces the size of the H zone. This mechanism for contraction is known as ‘ sliding filament theory’. The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located superior to the hyoid bone. They connect the hyoid bone to the mandible and the base of the skull and form the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid muscles.